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58 Emotional Functioning in Long COVID Neuropsychological Evaluations: Comparison to Post-Concussion Syndrome Using the Personality Assessment Inventory
- Laura Fry, Eric Waldron, Erin Holker, Jim Porter, Courtney Eskridge, Sarah Taylor, Michael Basso, Tanya Melnik, Savana Naini, Douglas Whiteside
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 54-55
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Objective:
COVID-19 has significantly impacted society for over 2.5 years, and Long COVID is concerning for its long-term impact on the healthcare system. Further, cognitive and emotional functioning in Long COVID has limited research, but 2 recent studies (Whiteside et al., 2022a, Whiteside et al., 2022b) examined cognitive and emotional functioning in Long COVID patients approximately 6 months post-diagnosis. The studies found limited cognitive deficits, but significant depression and anxiety, which in turn were the best predictors of low average cognitive scores. Further, the mean Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) profile included highest mean elevations on somatic preoccupation (SOM) and depression (DEP) subscales. To further explore personality functioning in Long COVID, this study compared PAI profiles of Long COVID patients with a potentially similar group with post-concussion syndrome (PCS) which has been shown to have a strong psychological component.
Participants and Methods:Participants included 44 consecutive outpatients (Mean age = 47.89, SD = 13.05, 84% Female, 75% Caucasian) referred from a Long COVID clinic with cognitive complaints related to COVID, while the comparison group of PCS patients included 50 consecutive referrals (Mean age = 38.82, SD = 16.24, 52% Female, 90% Caucasian) related to cognitive complaints attributed to PCS. A series of t-tests between the 2 groups was conducted on the PAI validity, clinical, interpersonal, and treatment consideration scales. PAI clinical subscales were also compared. To control for multiple comparisons, p < .01 was utilized and effect sizes were compared.
Results:The results demonstrated that both Long COVID (SOM M = 68.66, SD = 12.56; DEP M = 63.39, SD = 12.70) and PCS groups (SOM M = 65.28, SD = 12.06; DEP M = 70.32, SD = 16.15) displayed the highest mean elevations on PAI SOM and DEP scales but no statistically significant differences in mean scale elevations between Long COVID and PCS groups on SOM (t [92] = 1.33, p = .80) and DEP (t [92] = -2.11, p = .097). However, results demonstrated statistically significant differences on the paranoia subscale (PAR; t [92] = -3.27, p = .009), antisocial features subscale (ANT; t [92] = -2.22, p = .01), stress subscale (STR; t [90] = -3.51, p = .006) and suicidal ideation subscale (SUI; t [92] = -2.73, p = .000) of the PAI. Specifically, the mean scores for the PCS group were higher across the paranoia (M = 57.30), antisocial features (M= 52.24), stress (M = 58.44), and suicidal ideation subscales (M = 57.82) of the PAI than the Long COVID group. While these patterns of reporting differed between groups, mean scores for both groups were in the normal range.
Conclusions:Results support the similarities in emotional/personality functioning across Long COVID and PCS patients and the importance of evaluating psychological functioning in these samples as a standard part of neuropsychological evaluations. Further, the results suggest that psychological treatment strategies utilized with PCS patients may be helpful for Long COVID patients, but more research is needed.
A SARS-CoV-2 outbreak associated with five air force bases and a nightclub following the lifting of COVID-19-related social restrictions, United Kingdom, July-to-September 2021
- Michael James Taylor, Jharna Kumbang, Kate Bamford, Hanouf Mohammed Jazuli Ismail, Phil Huntley, Natalie Liddle, Jim Errington, John Mair-Jenkins
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- Journal:
- Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 151 / 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 February 2023, e26
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We describe the management of two linked severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreaks, predominantly amongst 18–35-year-olds, in a UK county in July-to-September 2021, following the lifting of national coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated social restrictions. One was associated with a nightclub and one with five air force bases. On week beginning 2nd August 2021, air force contact tracing teams detected 68 cases across five bases within one county; 21 (30.9%) were associated with a night-time economy venue, 13 (19.1%) with night-time economy venues in the county's main town and at least one case per base (n = 6, 8.8%) with a particular nightclub in this town, which itself had been associated with 302 cases in the previous week (coinciding with its reopening following a national lockdown). In response, Public Health England/United Kingdom Health Security Agency, air force and local authority teams collaboratively implemented communication strategies and enhanced access to SARS-CoV-2 testing and vaccination. Key challenges included attempting to encourage behaviours that reduce likelihood of transmission to a population who may have considered themselves at low risk from severe COVID-19. This report may inform future preparation for, and management of, easing of potential future pandemic-related social restrictions, and how an outbreak in this context may be addressed.
Accuracy of dopaminergic imaging as a biomarker for mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies
- Gemma Roberts, Paul C. Donaghy, Jim Lloyd, Rory Durcan, George Petrides, Sean J. Colloby, Sarah Lawley, Joanna Ciafone, Calum A. Hamilton, Michael Firbank, Louise Allan, Nicola Barnett, Sally Barker, Kirsty Olsen, Kim Howe, Tamir Ali, John-Paul Taylor, John O'Brien, Alan J. Thomas
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- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 218 / Issue 5 / May 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 December 2020, pp. 276-282
- Print publication:
- May 2021
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Background
Dopaminergic imaging is an established biomarker for dementia with Lewy bodies, but its diagnostic accuracy at the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage remains uncertain.
AimsTo provide robust prospective evidence of the diagnostic accuracy of dopaminergic imaging at the MCI stage to either support or refute its inclusion as a biomarker for the diagnosis of MCI with Lewy bodies.
MethodWe conducted a prospective diagnostic accuracy study of baseline dopaminergic imaging with [123I]N-ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane single-photon emission computerised tomography (123I-FP-CIT SPECT) in 144 patients with MCI. Images were rated as normal or abnormal by a panel of experts with access to striatal binding ratio results. Follow-up consensus diagnosis based on the presence of core features of Lewy body disease was used as the reference standard.
ResultsAt latest assessment (mean 2 years) 61 patients had probable MCI with Lewy bodies, 26 possible MCI with Lewy bodies and 57 MCI due to Alzheimer's disease. The sensitivity of baseline FP-CIT visual rating for probable MCI with Lewy bodies was 66% (95% CI 52–77%), specificity 88% (76–95%) and accuracy 76% (68–84%), with positive likelihood ratio 5.3.
ConclusionsIt is over five times as likely for an abnormal scan to be found in probable MCI with Lewy bodies than MCI due to Alzheimer's disease. Dopaminergic imaging appears to be useful at the MCI stage in cases where Lewy body disease is suspected clinically.
Mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies: neuropsychiatric supportive symptoms and cognitive profile
- Paul C Donaghy, Joanna Ciafone, Rory Durcan, Calum A Hamilton, Sally Barker, Jim Lloyd, Michael Firbank, Louise M Allan, John T O'Brien, John-Paul Taylor, Alan J Thomas
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 52 / Issue 6 / April 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 August 2020, pp. 1147-1155
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Background
Recently published diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies (MCI-LB) include five neuropsychiatric supportive features (non-visual hallucinations, systematised delusions, apathy, anxiety and depression). We have previously demonstrated that the presence of two or more of these symptoms differentiates MCI-LB from MCI due to Alzheimer's disease (MCI-AD) with a likelihood ratio >4. The aim of this study was to replicate the findings in an independent cohort.
MethodsParticipants ⩾60 years old with MCI were recruited. Each participant had a detailed clinical, cognitive and imaging assessment including FP-CIT SPECT and cardiac MIBG. The presence of neuropsychiatric supportive symptoms was determined using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Participants were classified as MCI-AD, possible MCI-LB and probable MCI-LB based on current diagnostic criteria. Participants with possible MCI-LB were excluded from further analysis.
ResultsProbable MCI-LB (n = 28) had higher NPI total and distress scores than MCI-AD (n = 30). In total, 59% of MCI-LB had two or more neuropsychiatric supportive symptoms compared with 9% of MCI-AD (likelihood ratio 6.5, p < 0.001). MCI-LB participants also had a significantly greater delayed recall and a lower Trails A:Trails B ratio than MCI-AD.
ConclusionsMCI-LB is associated with significantly greater neuropsychiatric symptoms than MCI-AD. The presence of two or more neuropsychiatric supportive symptoms as defined by MCI-LB diagnostic criteria is highly specific and moderately sensitive for a diagnosis of MCI-LB. The cognitive profile of MCI-LB differs from MCI-AD, with greater executive and lesser memory impairment, but these differences are not sufficient to differentiate MCI-LB from MCI-AD.
Diagnostic accuracy of dopaminergic imaging in prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies
- Alan J. Thomas, Paul Donaghy, Gemma Roberts, Sean J. Colloby, Nicky A. Barnett, George Petrides, Jim Lloyd, Kirsty Olsen, John-Paul Taylor, Ian McKeith, John T. O'Brien
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 49 / Issue 3 / February 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 April 2018, pp. 396-402
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Background
Dopaminergic imaging has high diagnostic accuracy for dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) at the dementia stage. We report the first investigation of dopaminergic imaging at the prodromal stage.
MethodsWe recruited 75 patients over 60 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 33 with probable MCI with Lewy body disease (MCI-LB), 15 with possible MCI-LB and 27 with MCI with Alzheimer's disease. All underwent detailed clinical, neurological and neuropsychological assessments and FP-CIT [123I-N-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)] dopaminergic imaging. FP-CIT scans were blindly rated by a consensus panel and classified as normal or abnormal.
ResultsThe sensitivity of visually rated FP-CIT imaging to detect combined possible or probable MCI-LB was 54.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 39.2–68.6], with a specificity of 89.0% (95% CI 70.8–97.6) and a likelihood ratio for MCI-LB of 4.9, indicating that FP-CIT may be a clinically important test in MCI where any characteristic symptoms of Lewy body (LB) disease are present. The sensitivity in probable MCI-LB was 61.0% (95% CI 42.5–77.4) and in possible MCI-LB was 40.0% (95% CI 16.4–67.7).
ConclusionsDopaminergic imaging had high specificity at the pre-dementia stage and gave a clinically important increase in diagnostic confidence and so should be considered in all patients with MCI who have any of the diagnostic symptoms of DLB. As expected, the sensitivity was lower in MCI-LB than in established DLB, although over 50% still had an abnormal scan. Accurate diagnosis of LB disease is important to enable early optimal treatment for LB symptoms.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive profile in mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies
- Paul C Donaghy, John-Paul Taylor, John T O'Brien, Nicola Barnett, Kirsty Olsen, Sean J Colloby, Jim Lloyd, George Petrides, Ian G McKeith, Alan J Thomas
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 48 / Issue 14 / October 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 24 January 2018, pp. 2384-2390
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Background
The accurate clinical characterisation of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is becoming increasingly important. The aim of this study was to compare the neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive profile of MCI with Lewy bodies (MCI-LB) with Alzheimer's disease MCI (MCI-AD).
MethodsParticipants were ⩾60 years old with MCI. Each had a thorough clinical and neuropsychological assessment and 2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-nortropane single photon emission computed tomography FP-CIT SPECT). MCI-LB was diagnosed if two or more diagnostic features of dementia with Lewy bodies were present (visual hallucinations, cognitive fluctuations, motor parkinsonism, rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder or positive FP-CIT SPECT). A Lewy body Neuropsychiatric Supportive Symptom Count (LBNSSC) was calculated based on the presence or absence of the supportive neuropsychiatric symptoms defined by the 2017 DLB diagnostic criteria: non-visual hallucinations, delusions, anxiety, depression and apathy.
ResultsMCI-LB (n = 41) had a higher LBNSSC than MCI-AD (n = 24; 1.8 ± 1.1 v. 0.7 ± 0.9, p = 0.001). 67% of MCI-LB had two or more of those symptoms, compared with 16% of MCI-AD (Likelihood ratio = 4.2, p < 0.001). MCI-LB subjects scored lower on tests of attention, visuospatial function and verbal fluency. However, cognitive test scores alone did not accurately differentiate MCI-LB from MCI-AD.
ConclusionsMCI-LB is associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms and a cognitive profile similar to established DLB. This supports the concept of identifying MCI-LB based on the presence of core diagnostic features of DLB and abnormal FP-CIT SPECT imaging. The presence of supportive neuropsychiatric clinical features identified in the 2017 DLB diagnostic criteria was helpful in differentiating between MCI-LB and MCI-AD.
Should psychiatrists be more cautious about the long-term prophylactic use of antipsychotics?
- Robin M. Murray, Diego Quattrone, Sridhar Natesan, Jim van Os, Merete Nordentoft, Oliver Howes, Marta Di Forti, David Taylor
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- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 209 / Issue 5 / November 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2018, pp. 361-365
- Print publication:
- November 2016
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Patients who recover from an acute episode of psychosis are frequently prescribed prophylactic antipsychotics for many years, especially if they are diagnosed as having schizophrenia. However, there is a dearth of evidence concerning the long-term effectiveness of this practice, and growing concern over the cumulative effects of antipsychotics on physical health and brain structure. Although controversy remains concerning some of the data, the wise psychiatrist should regularly review the benefit to each patient of continuing prophylactic antipsychotics against the risk of side-effects and loss of effectiveness through the development of supersensitivity of the dopamine D2 receptor. Psychiatrists should work with their patients to slowly reduce the antipsychotic to the lowest dose that prevents the return of distressing symptoms. Up to 40% of those whose psychosis remits after a first episode should be able to achieve a good outcome in the long term either with no antipsychotic medication or with a very low dose.
Monoclonal Antibodies and Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
- Daniel L. Keene, Carole Legare, Elaine Taylor, Jim Gallivan, Gloria Mah Cawthorn, Duc Vu
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- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 38 / Issue 4 / July 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 December 2014, pp. 565-571
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Monoclonal antibodies have become an important treatment option for a number of serious conditions. Concerns have arisen about the potential association of these products with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). A list of monoclonal antibodies authorized for sale was derived from the Health Canada Drug Product Database. Case reports of PML after exposure to a monoclonal antibody authorized for use in Canada were retrieved by searching Canada Vigilance and WHO adverse event databases and through a Pub MED/Medline literature search. 182 adverse event case reports were retrieved (adalimumab -1 case, alemtuzumab-14, bevacizumab -3, cetuximab -1, efalizumab - 8, ibritumomab tiuxetan-5, infliximab-4, natalizumab-32, and rituximab-114). The Canadian Product Monographs for natalizumab and ritiximab contain box warnings for PML. A natalizumab registry has been established.
Contributors
- Edited by Rob Steen, University of Brighton, Jed Novick, University of Brighton, Huw Richards, De Montfort University, Leicester
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- The Cambridge Companion to Football
- Published online:
- 05 June 2013
- Print publication:
- 04 July 2013, pp xi-xvi
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- By Judith Allen, Sanja Bahun, Suzanne Bellamy, Jessica Berman, Ian Blyth, Carole Bourne-Taylor, David Bradshaw, Claire Colebrook, Lisa L. Coleman, Patricia Morgne Cramer, Madelyn Detloff, Anne E. Fernald, Jane Goldman, Elena Gualtieri, Holly Henry, Ruth Hoberman, Margaret Homans, Maggie Humm, Mark Hussey, Vassiliki Kolocotroni, Jane Lilienfeld, Perry Meisel, Pam Morris, Linden Peach, Darya Protopopova, Bryony Randall, Derek Ryan, Sonita Sarker, Bonnie Kime Scott, Drew Patrick Shannon, Kathryn Simpson, Anna Snaith, Heidi Stalla, Thaine Stearns, Randall Stevenson, Jim Stewart, Emma Sutton, Michael H. Whitworth, E. H. Wright
- Edited by Bryony Randall, University of Glasgow, Jane Goldman, University of Glasgow
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- Virginia Woolf in Context
- Published online:
- 05 January 2013
- Print publication:
- 17 December 2012, pp ix-x
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23 - No Way Forward but Back? Re-emergent Thai Falangism, Democracy, and the New “Red Shirt” Social Movement
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- By Jim Taylor, University of Adelaide
- Edited by Michael J. Montesano, Pavin Chachavalpongpun, Aekapol Chongvilaivan
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- Bangkok, May 2010
- Published by:
- ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute
- Published online:
- 21 October 2015
- Print publication:
- 18 January 2012, pp 287-312
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Summary
The conflict in Thailand following the coup of September 2006 concerns contested social, cultural and economic interests that are articulated through domestic politics from the summit downwards and extend to the base; it concerns essentially the enduring dominance of the centre and more recent structural changes in the social field at the periphery. In the case of the cultural, political and economic city-centre/summit, this has been seen in its dual function of protector and exploiter of the countryside/base. The last two decades started to bring change in the order of material relations, but not in the dominant social arrangements. The problem, which we saw tragically acted out on the streets of Bangkok in April and May 2010, concerns an attempt by the conservative “bureaucratic elite networks” (ammat, or ammatayathippatai) as part of the ancien regime ruthlessly to recapture control of emergent grass-roots democracy and reinsert their power, interests and influence. As an overview this paper can only touch on some of the issues that have led to the current crisis over democracy in Thailand and the new Red Shirt social movement (the UDD, or National United Front for Democracy against Dictatorship). I would argue that there is no middle ground remaining as lines are drawn and entrenched and bitter conflict persists, and as resistance to an emergent new state fascism becomes focused as much in the margins as the centre/summit.
Field research with extensive interviews was undertaken in Thailand following the crackdown 19 May 2010 to better understand the Red Shirt social movement and its argument for seeking social justice, the end of double standards in Thailand, and the return of cultural, political and economic inclusion at the margins which started during the premiership of Thaksin Shinawatra (2001–2006). This essay outlines the Red Shirt movement as it emerged in response to the jettisoning of the democratic process since the last coup, which ousted Prime Minister Thaksin in 2006, and the rewriting the following year of the 1997 People's Constitution. It also concerns the confrontational problematic embedded in the post- December 2008 authoritarian state, which I term new “Thai Falangism” — an authoritarian national leadership based on the aspirations of an organic, hierarchical state.
Thai does not have a word for “fascist”/”fascism”. Instead, it uses (rarely) the foreign loan word latthi-fasit. Many Thais consider “fascism” as a particular historical moment in Thai history, which has now passed.
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. 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Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Obituary
- Colin Bertram, Richard Home, Andrew Taylor, Bertrand Imbert, Jim Lotz, Raymond J. Adie
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- Journal:
- Polar Record / Volume 26 / Issue 159 / October 1990
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 October 2009, pp. 341-344
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4 - New Buddhism, Urban Space, and Virtual Civil Society
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- By Jim Taylor, University of Adelaide, South Australia
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- Civil Society in Southeast Asia
- Published by:
- ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute
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- 03 November 2017
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- 29 November 2004, pp 78-100
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Summary
Welcome to Virtual Sangha [Buddhist monastic order], from your Buddhism Guide at The Mining Company. I hope you will treat this area like you would your own sangha — as a place to learn, to teach, to talk, and to take refuge. No topics are offlimits, and no tradition or school is favored or excluded. We treat each other with respect and reverence, and it is a peaceful place as a result.
<http://buddhism.about.com/religion/buddhism/mpchat.htm> (emphasis mine)
People live in places, power rules through flows
(Castells 1989, p. 349)INTRODUCTION
In a widely talked-about article, Harvard political scientist Robert Putnam (1995) bemoaned the recent decline of associational life in America; though some critics have suggested that this may not be the case if we look at the increasing use and civic potential of the Internet. Howard Rheingold (1993, p. 42), for instance, argues for the “social utopian role” of technologies such as the Internet in generating new virtual communities from the social atomization caused by modernization. Indeed, he suggests that the Internet may even bring about a new sociality or communitarianism to “revitalise the public sphere” (Rheingold 1993, pp. 12, 14).
But the argument that the Internet is creating a meaningful virtual civil society (even if it is seen as disembodied) would depend on its ability to generate social capital (James S. Coleman's term). However, no doubt Putman would see the Internet, along with television, as indicating a decline in social capital; namely those communal networks, norms, and social trust that support an efficient, cohesive society, and facilitate interaction among members. In this line of argument, it is not enough for the Internet (which has a history marked by a strong libertarian ethos) — like other electronic devices such as the telephone or fax machine before it — to encourage the organization of civic groups. Instead, Internet-based associations need to have the same qualities as associations in traditional civil society, with members interacting as if they were in a (real) Buddhist monastery, conference centre, or soccer stadium. In this sense, aside from simply being a technology, cyberspace, then, needs to be considered a place; at least a place out there, somewhere (even outside the state).
Assessing cognitive outcomes in a rural African population: Development of a neuropsychological battery in Kilifi District, Kenya
- PENNY A. HOLDING, H. GERRY TAYLOR, SIDI D. KAZUNGU, THADEAUS MKALA, JOSEPH GONA, BERNARD MWAMUYE, LEONARD MBONANI, JIM STEVENSON
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- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 10 / Issue 2 / March 2004
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- 01 March 2004, pp. 246-260
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The ability to measure neuropsychological outcomes in a comparable manner in different cultural groups is important if studies conducted in geographically diverse regions are to advance knowledge of disease effects and moderating influences. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the application of neuropsychological test procedures developed for use in North America and Europe to children in a rural region of Kenya. Our specific aim was to determine if these methods could be adapted to a non-Western culture in a manner that would preserve test reliability and validity. Procedural modifications yielded reliable tests that were sensitive to both the sequelae of cerebral malaria and to children's social and school backgrounds. Results suggest that adaptations of existing tests can be made in such a way as to preserve their utility in measuring the cross-cultural sequelae of childhood neurological diseases. (JINS, 2004, 10, 246–260.)
The Use of Unemployment and Vacancy Data in Analysing Unemployment(*)
- Jim Taylor
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- Journal:
- Recherches Économiques de Louvain/ Louvain Economic Review / Volume 52 / Issue 3-4 / December 1986
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 August 2016, pp. 257-282
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- December 1986
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INTRODUCTION
Until 1975, unemployment in the UK had remained below the 1 million mark for over 30 years. Between 1979 and 1982 it rose from under 1.5 million to over 3 million and has remained there ever since. The 1980s have certainly been a disaster as far as unemployment is concerned and a question of paramount importance to policymakers is whether the government can do anything to reduce unemployment significantly in the foreseeable future. The answer to this question depends on the causes of unemployment and whether these causes can be affected by government action. Unfortunately, the causes of current unemployment are not clearly understood and there is a startling lack of consensus amongst policymakers and their economic advisers over what can (or should) be done to tackle the unemployment problem.
One of the issues about which there is substantial disagreement amongst economists is whether unemployment is currently high because of a deficiency in the aggregate demand for goods, or whether it is high for other reasons. These other reasons include : the existence of disincentives to take jobs because unemployment benefit is too high relative to net takehome pay ; a serious mismatch between labour demand and labour supply ; excessively high real wages relative to labour productivity; the sudden structural collapse of large sections of UK manufacturing industry; and a combination of these factors.
The Transition to Democracy in Portugal and Spain
- Benny Pollack, Jim Taylor
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Political Science / Volume 13 / Issue 2 / April 1983
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 January 2009, pp. 209-242
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- April 1983
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The relatively recent proliferation of books and articles on Spain and Portugal is obviously a consequence of the profound socio-political changes that have occurred in those countries over the past decade. The range and variety of this growth area of academic literature has been considerable. It is almost as if after more than forty years of dictatorship, everybody wanted to acquire, in a few years, the knowledge they had been deprived of before. New journals newspapers, books and booklets appear and disappear from bookstores and newspaper stands with amazing rapidity, revealing the importance of the anxieties and frustrations created by so many years of intellectual and physical repression and censorship. In the light of this publishing explosion this article will attempt to review the major contributions to the debate on the Spanish and Portuguese transitions to democracy, with the intention of delineating the most prominent issues and themes (political, social and economic) involved.